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<span dir="auto">Council of Scientific and Industrial Research</span></h1>
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<tr><th class="fn org" colspan="2" style="font-size: 15px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><i>Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India</i></th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_logo.png" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Council of Scientific and Industrial Research logo.png" data-file-height="240" data-file-width="238" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6d/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_logo.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Established</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">28 September 1942</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Chairman</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Director General</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Dr. <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._S._Ahuja&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="P. S. Ahuja (page does not exist)">P. S. Ahuja</a></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Staff</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">17,432<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cs_1-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-cs-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> contain over 5000 active scientist and over 10000 scientific and technical personnel.</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Budget</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Rs. 1750 crores (USD 325 million)</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Location</th><td class="adr" style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="extended-address">Anusandhan Bhwan, Rafi Marg<br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>-110 001.</span></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Website</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.csir.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">www.csir.res.in</a></td></tr>
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<b>Council of Scientific and Industrial Research</b> (<b>CSIR</b>) established in 1942, is an autonomous body and India's largest research and development (R&D) organisation, with 37 laboratories and 39 field stations or extension centres spread across the nation, with a collective staff of over 17,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cs_1-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-cs-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup> Although CSIR is mainly funded by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Ministry of Science and Technology</a>, it operates as an autonomous body registered under the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registration_of_Societies_Act_of_1860" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Registration of Societies Act of 1860">Registration of Societies Act of 1860</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CSIRWebsite_2-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-CSIRWebsite-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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The research and development activities of CSIR includes various fields such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace engineering</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanography" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Oceanography">ocean sciences</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_sciences" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Life sciences">Life sciences</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chemical">chemicals</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mining">mining</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_science" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Food science">food</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Leather">leather</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_science" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Environmental science">environment</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CSIRWebsite_2-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-CSIRWebsite-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup> In December 2006, Director General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath A. Mashelkar</a>, retired following which M. K. Bhan took over the post, but he was relieved on 7 March 2007. After that <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Ramasami" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="T. Ramasami">T. Ramasami</a> had the additional charge of Director General of CSIR until <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samir_K._Brahmachari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samir K. Brahmachari">Samir K. Brahmachari</a> was appointed as the Director General on 13 November 2007.</div>
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In late 2007, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Minister of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Sibal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapil Sibal">Kapil Sibal</a> admitted, in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_Hour" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Question Hour">Question Hour</a> session of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lok Sabha">Parliament</a>, that CSIR has developed 1,376 technologies/<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgebase" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Knowledgebase">knowledgebase</a> during the last decade of 20th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></div>
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Contents</h2>
 <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> [<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#" id="togglelink" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">hide</a>] </span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#History" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#CSIR_achievements" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">CSIR achievements</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#Research_laboratories_under_CSIR" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Research laboratories under CSIR</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#Controversy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Controversy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#See_also" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#References" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#External_links" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research&action=edit&section=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>
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In 1930s the need for establishing research organisations for the development of natural resources and new industries in India began to emerge. Eminent citizens such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a>, Lt. Col. Seymour Sewell and J. C. Ghosh had proposed the creation of an advisory board of scientific research. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Richard_Gregory,_1st_Baronet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sir Richard Gregory, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Gregory</a>, then editor of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(journal)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>, was among the first people who officially reported to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Government" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="British Government">British Government</a>. After visiting scientific departments and universities in India in 1933, Gregory submitted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Samuel Hoare</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a>, regarding the need of scientific organisation similar to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Department of Scientific and Industrial Research">DSIR</a> in Britain. Indian scientists at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> initiated schemes to launch a National Institute of Sciences and an Indian Academy of Sciences, respectively. At the Fifth Industries Conference in 1933, the Provincial Governments of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Madras">Madras</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Orissa">Orissa</a> unanimously reiterated their demand for a co-ordinating forum for industrial research. Hoare advised the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Willingdon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lord Willingdon">Lord Willingdon</a>, to support the demand. However, in May 1934, Willingdon replied Hoare saying, "The creation of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in India to promote the application of research to natural resources does not appear to be necessary." The Indian DSIR was rejected, however, the colonial government provided a small concession. It instead offered to create an Industrial Intelligence and Research Bureau, which came into operation in April 1935 under the Indian Stores Department. The Bureau's limited resources (with a budget of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian rupee">INR</a> 1.0 lakh per annum) made it impossible to initiate major research and industrial activities as had hoped for. It was mainly concerned with testing and quality control.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vig_4-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-vig-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup></div>
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At the onset of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1939, the bureau was proposed to be abolished. Arguably, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcot_Ramaswamy_Mudaliar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar">Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar</a> became the most instrumental in the creation of CSIR in India.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-siva_5-0" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-siva-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> As a member of Viceroy’s executive council, and also of Commerce, he recommended that the Bureau should be terminated, not as a measure of economy, but to make room for a Board of Scientific and Industrial Research, which should be endowed with greater resources and wider objectives. It was by this persistence that the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research (BSIR) was created on 1 April 1940 for a period of two years. Mudaliar became the chair of the board. It was at this point that Bhatnagar was appointed to pilot the board, as the Director. The BSIR was allocated an annual budget of INR 500,000 under the Department of Commerce. By the end of 1940, about 80 researchers were engaged, of whom one-quarter was directly employed. Major achievements of BSIR included development of the techniques for the purification of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluchistan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Baluchistan">Baluchistan</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulphur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulphur">sulphur</a> anti-gas cloth manufacture, vegetable oil blends as fuel and lubricants, plastic packing cases for army boots and ammunition, dyes for uniforms and the preparation of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamins" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vitamins">vitamins</a>, and the invention of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pyrethrum">pyrethrum</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Emulsifier">emulsifier</a> and cream. In early 1941 Bhatnagar persuaded the government to set up an Industrial Research Utilisation Committee (IRUC) for translating results into application. The government then agreed to make a separate fund out of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalties" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Royalties">royalties</a> received from industry for further investment into industrial research. Mudaliar recommended that an Industrial Research Fund should be constituted, which would have an annual grant of INR 1,000,000 (one million) for a period of five years. This was accepted by the Central Assembly in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> at its session on 14 November 1941.</div>
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Then the constitution of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as an autonomous body was prepared under Mudaliar and Bhatnagar. Thus, CSIR came into operation on 28 September 1942. The BSIR and IRUC were incorporated into the advisory bodies to the governing body of the CSIR. In 1943 the governing body of CSIR approved the proposal of Bhatnagar, though the initiative of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, to establish five national laboratories — the National Chemical Laboratory, the National Physical Laboratory, the Fuel Research Station, and the Glass and Ceramics Research Institute. In 1944 in addition to its annual budget of INR 1 million, CSIR received a grant of INR 10 million for the establishment of these laboratories. The Tata Industrial House donated INR 2 million for the chemical, metallurgical and fuel research laboratories.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vig_4-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-vig-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup>The foundation for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Glass_and_Ceramic_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute">Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> was the first to be laid, in December 1945; and that for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Chemical_Laboratory" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Chemical Laboratory">National Chemical Laboratory</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pune">Pune</a>was the last, on 6 April 1947, four months before <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Independence">India became independent</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> All the five establishments were completed by 1950.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-siva_5-1" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-siva-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="CSIR_achievements">CSIR achievements</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: CSIR achievements">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Developed first Indian tractor <i>Swaraj</i> in 1967 completely based on indigenous know-how<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Achieved the first breakthrough of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_of_Bamboo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Flowering of Bamboo">flowering of Bamboo</a> within weeks as against twenty years in nature.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">First to analyze genetic diversity of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Andamanese_tribes" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indigenous Andamanese tribes">indigenous Andamanese tribes</a> and to establish their origin out of Africa 60,000 years ago.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Developed the first <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Transgenic">transgenic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Drosophila">Drosophila</a> model for drug screening for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cancer">cancer</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Human">humans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">First to introduce <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_fingerprinting" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="DNA fingerprinting">DNA fingerprinting</a> in India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Helped India to be the first pioneer investor under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Invented, once a week non-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Steroid">steroidal</a> family planning pill <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saheli" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saheli">Saheli</a></i> and non-steroidal herbal pill for asthma called <i>Asmon</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Designed India's first ever parallel processing computer <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flosolver&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Flosolver (page does not exist)">Flosolver</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Partnered more than 50,000 companies with turnover ranging from Rs 5 <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lakh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #663366; text-decoration: none;" title="wikt:lakh">lakhs</a> to Rs 500,000 <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crore" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #663366; text-decoration: none;" title="wikt:crore">crores</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rejuvenated India's one hundred year old refinery at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digboi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Digboi">Digboi</a> using the most modern molecular distillation technology.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Provided the critical technology for the NMP Lube Extraction Plant of capacity of 2,50,000 tonnes per year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">With <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tata Consultancy Services">TCS</a>, developed a versatile portable PC-based software 'Bio-Suite' for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Design of 14 seater plane '<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARAS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="SARAS">SARAS</a>'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Established first ever in the world '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Knowledge_Digital_Library" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Traditional Knowledge Digital Library">Traditional Knowledge Digital Library</a>' accessible in five international languages, English, German, French, Japanese and Spanish.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Remained in top 3 in the list of PCT patent applications amongst all developing countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Topped list of holders of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_patent_law" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United States patent law">U.S. patents</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Successfully challenged the grant of patent in the USA for use of haldi (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmeric" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>) for wound healing and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neem" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Neem">neem</a> as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[15]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In 2009, completed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing_of_the_Human_Genome" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sequencing of the Human Genome">sequencing of the Human Genome</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[16]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">In 2011, successfully tested India's 1st indigenous civilian aircraft, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAL_NM5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="NAL NM5">NAL NM5</a> made in association with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratories" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Aerospace Laboratories">National Aerospace Laboratories</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahindra_Aerospace" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahindra Aerospace">Mahindra Aerospace</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</a></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prizes are awarded annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biological, chemical, earth, atmosphere, ocean and planetary, engineering, mathematical, medical and physical sciences. The prize comprises a citation, a plaque, and a cash award of Rs. 500,000. In addition recipients also get Rs. 15,000 per month up to the age of 65 years.</div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Research_laboratories_under_CSIR">Research laboratories under CSIR</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Research laboratories under CSIR">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-webkit-column-count: 2; margin-top: 0.3em;">
<ol style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">AMPRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Materials_and_Processes_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute">Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">C-MMACS - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSIR_Centre_for_Mathematical_Modelling_and_Computer_Simulation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation">CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CBRI - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSIR-Central_Building_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="CSIR-Central Building Research Institute">CSIR-Central Building Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roorkee" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a> (visit <a class="external text" href="http://www.cbri.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">www.cbri.res.in</a>)</li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CCMB- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Cellular_and_Molecular_Biology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology">Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CDRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Drug_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Drug Research Institute">Central Drug Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CECRI- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Electro_Chemical_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Electro Chemical Research Institute">Central Electro Chemical Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaikudi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karaikudi">Karaikudi</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CEERI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Electronics_Engineering_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute">Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilani" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pilani">Pilani</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ceeri.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CFTRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Food_Technological_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Food Technological Research Institute">Central Food Technological Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mysore">Mysore</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CGCRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Glass_and_Ceramic_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute">Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CIMAP - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Medicinal_and_Aromatic_Plants" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants">Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CIMFR - <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Institute_of_Mining_and_Fuel_Research_(Merged_entity_of_CMRI_and_CFRI)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Merged entity of CMRI and CFRI) (page does not exist)">Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Merged entity of CMRI and CFRI)</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhanbad" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CLRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Leather_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Leather Research Institute">Central Leather Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CMERI - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_mechanical_engineering_research_institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central mechanical engineering research institute">Central mechanical engineering research institute</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durgapur,_West_Bengal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Durgapur, West Bengal">Durgapur</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CRRI - <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Road_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Road Research Institute (page does not exist)">Central Road Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CSIO - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Scientific_Instruments_Organisation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Scientific Instruments Organisation">Central Scientific Instruments Organisation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">CSMCRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Salt_and_Marine_Chemicals_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute">Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhavnagar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhavnagar">Bhavnagar</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.csmcri.org/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IGIB - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Genomics_and_Integrative_Biology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology">Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.igib.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IHBT - <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Himalayan_Bioresource_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (page does not exist)">Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palampur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Palampur">Palampur</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IICB - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Chemical_Biology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Institute of Chemical Biology">Indian Institute of Chemical Biology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IICT - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IICT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="IICT">Indian Institute of Chemical Technology</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IIIM, Jammu - <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Institute_of_Integrative_Medicine,_Jammu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu (page does not exist)">Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iiim.res.in/aboutiim.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IIP - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Petroleum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Institute of Petroleum">Indian Institute of Petroleum</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehradun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IMMT - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Minerals_and_Materials_Technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology">Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.immt.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IMTECH - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Microbial_Technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Institute of Microbial Technology">Institute of Microbial Technology</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">IITR - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Toxicology_Research" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Institute of Toxicology Research">Indian Institute of Toxicology Research</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> (formerly known as<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Toxicology_Research_Centre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Industrial Toxicology Research Centre">Industrial Toxicology Research Centre</a>)</li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NAL - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratories" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Aerospace Laboratories">National Aerospace Laboratories</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NBRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Botanical_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Botanical Research Institute">National Botanical Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NCL - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Chemical_Laboratory" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Chemical Laboratory">National Chemical Laboratory</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pune">Pune</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NEERI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Engineering_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Environmental Engineering Research Institute">National Environmental Engineering Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagpur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>(<a class="external text" href="http://neeri.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">www.neeri.res.in</a>)</li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NGRI - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geophysical_Research_Institute" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Geophysical Research Institute">National Geophysical Research Institute</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NIO - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_Of_Oceanography,_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Institute Of Oceanography, India">National Institute of Oceanography</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Goa">Goa</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NISCAIR - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Communication_and_Information_Resources" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources">National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NISTADS - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science,_Technology_and_Development_Studies" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies">National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NML - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Metallurgical_Laboratory" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Metallurgical Laboratory">National Metallurgical Laboratory</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshedpur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NPL - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory,_India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="National Physical Laboratory, India">National Physical Laboratory</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">NEIST (RRL), Jorhat - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_East_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology,_Jorhat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat">North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat</a> ,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorhat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jorhat">Jorhat</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://jorhat.nic.in/rrl.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Research_Laboratory,_Thiruvananthapuram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Regional Research Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram">National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology</a> -<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">SERC, M - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_Engineering_Research_Centre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Structural Engineering Research Centre">Structural Engineering Research Centre</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li>
<li style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 0.1em; page-break-inside: avoid;">URDIP <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unit_for_Research_and_Development_of_Information_Products&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (page does not exist)">Unit for Research and Development of Information Products</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pune">Pune</a> <a class="external autonumber" href="http://urdip.res.in/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial, initial; background-clip: initial, initial; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml; background-origin: initial, initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat, initial no-repeat, initial; background-size: initial, initial; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">[7</a></li>
</ol>
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What is CSIR ? Council of Scientific and Industrial Research